Influences of climate and nutrient enrichment on herbivory and herbivore diversity in mangrove forests.

This study was conducted in Australia and New Zealand. We used fertilization experiments at five locations in Australia and two locations in New Zealand. We selected a uniform stand of scrub or dwarf trees at each location that was big enough to accommodate our experimental design. At each site, trees were fertilized with one of 3 treatments. Control (no fertilizer added); N = nitrogen (urea); P = phosphorus (triple superphosphate). All experimental trees were scrub or dwarf trees located in the high intertidal zone. At each experimental location, each tree was labeled with a unique number and treatment abbreviation. Leaf deformation and damage due to eating were tallied for each branch.